![]() ![]() maternal death or serious morbidity (aRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.20, 17 studies, 2749 participants, low‐certainty evidence).spontaneous vaginal birth (aRR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, 26 studies, 4538 participants, moderate‐certainty evidence).caesareans (aRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04, 32 studies, 5499 participants, moderate‐certainty evidence).There may be little to no difference between groups for: induction (aRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94, 16 studies, 3224 participants, low‐certainty evidence).spontaneous onset of labour (average risk ratio (aRR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.34, 17 studies, 3170 participants, low‐certainty evidence).Women randomised to membrane sweeping may be more likely to experience: ![]() No trials reported on the outcomes uterine hyperstimulation with/without fetal heart rate (FHR) change, uterine rupture or neonatal encephalopathy.įorty studies (6548 participants) compared membrane sweeping with no treatment/sham Six studies (n = 1284) compared membrane sweeping with more than one intervention and were thus included in more than one comparison. ![]() Evidence certainty, assessed using GRADE, was found to be generally low, mainly due to study design, inconsistency and imprecision. Overall, the risk of bias was assessed as low or unclear risk in most domains across studies. We included 44 studies (20 new to this update), reporting data for 6940 women and their infants. ![]()
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